Meeting [en]

Cali and I just came nose-to-nose with the fox cub.

Opposite the entrance of my building, there is a big bush. Behind the big bush, there is storage building of some kind. Under the storage building, hidden by the big bush, is a hole.

Coming back from our (not so early) morning walk, just aroud the corner, I suddenly saw Cali just a metre away of a very defensive brown little thing. Something between a very small dog (for the way it bounced back towards the bush) and a young cat (for the size, the arched back and the hissing – actually, it was closer to clicking).

I sent Cali away and stayed to have a better look at the little creature. Well, I guess you’ve seen pictures of fox cubs – but in real they are even much cuter. Small beady eyes, a not-yet-bushy tail with a white tip, and the overall fluff which makes baby animals so irresistible.

After staring at me for a few minutes from under the bush, it retreated into the hole. And from the noise I heard then, I guess it was not alone in there. Was it just mummy fox, or siblings too?

HTML et linguistique [en]

Dans un éclair vengeur de lucidité, je viens de comprendre la différence fondamentale entre <cite> et <q>. Que ne l’ai-je compris plus tôt, cela m’aurait évité de me trouver à  présent face à  des dizaines de pages truffées de <cite> employés à  mauvais escient.

Je m’explique. Autrement dit, faisons un peu de linguistique. Je me permets en passant de vous recommander l’excellent ouvrage de Anne Herschberg Pierrot: Stylistique de la prose (Belin), qui explique dans un langage clair et à  grand renfort d’illustrations bon nombre de subtilités de la langue française. Un livre à  avoir dans sa bibliothèque si l’on écrit un tant soit peu.

Ma confusion vient, je le soupçonne, de l’existence d’un seul mot en français (citer) pour rendre compte de to cite et to quote en anglais. Eclaircissons.

Dans tous les cas, lorsque l’on cite, on intègre dans son propre discours des paroles qui ne sont pas les notres. Une signalisation typographique comme l’italique ou les guillemets indique dans ce cas au lecteur une frontière entre “mes mots” et “les mots de quelqu’un d’autre”. (Ce n’est bien sûr pas le seul rôle des italiques et des guillemets – on en parlera un autre fois, si ça vous intéresse…)

On peut distinguer deux façons principales d’employer les mots de la langue:

  • en usage: “mon chat s’appelle Bagha”
  • en mention: “chat est un mot de quatre lettres”

Le plus souvent, lorsque l’on cite le discours d’autrui, on se trouve dans un cas hybride que les linguistes appellent la connotation autonymique. Sous ce terme barbare (je vous l’accorde) se cache le phénomène suivant: en rapportant le discours en question, on vise à  la fois ce dont il parle, ce qu’il dit, et sa qualité de discours prononcé par autrui, sa matérialité de paroles étrangères. En même temps on dit avec lui (usage) et on le montre (mention ou autonymie).

Lorsqu’un mot, une expression ou un discours fait entendre ainsi deux voix (ou plus!), on parle de polysémie (“plusieurs sens”). La polysémie est très répandue dans tous les niveaux de discours, du bavardage quotidien (mais oui, ne serait-ce que dans les fameux sous-entendus) à  la poésie. Et c’est elle qui donne au langage une grande partie de sa richesse.

Maintenant que j’ai fini mon petit cours de linguistique, je me rends compte que la différence entre <cite> et <q> n’est pas la même que celle entre mention et usage, comme je croyais tout d’abord l’avoir compris. Quel dommange! Disons que ça aura servi de prétexte, je ne vais pas du coup vous priver de ce petit étalage de culture linguistique. A ma décharge, je crois qu’on peut néanmoins voir une parenté entre les deux. Enfin, si on veut vraiment.

Revenons-en donc à  notre préoccupation première. <cite> sert à  indiquer une référence de type bibliographique, comme le nom d’un auteur, le titre d’un livre ou d’un magazine. <q> sert à  rapporter les paroles d’autrui. C’est donc le lieu privilégié de la connotation autonymique… euh oui, ok, je vous lâche avec la linguistique! ; )

Remarquons en passant qu’une fois compris cette nuance, les explications du W3C pour <cite> et <q> sont parfaitement claires. Disons tout de même que c’est mon fidèle HTML, The Definitive Guide qui m’a permis de trancher avec certitude.

Pillows [en]

There is a lady in her fifties who lives in the building opposite mine. Almost every morning, I see her put the pillows at the window to air them.

First, a piece of cloth to protect them from any dirt which might be living on the window-sill. Pillow number one. Pat it. Turn it over. Pat the second side. Pillow number two. Pat, turn, pat. Place next to pillow number one. Pillows three and four, on top of the first two. She takes her time. Always the exact same gestures. And then the night-gown. Shake, shake, imprison between pillows three and four, overlapping slightly for the purpose.

She comes back some time later, brings in the pillows, pulls the curtains – arranging the folds with care – and closes the window.

She never smiles. She doesn’t look happy. She doesn’t even really look there. I wonder what her life is.

CSS Discoveries [en]

I don’t know if everybody is aware of this (maybe it’s normal behaviour), but I thought I’d share my recent discoveries (as they caused me to bang my head against the wall and tear a few handfulls of hair out until I understood).

  1. clear: both – seems to ignore absolutely positioned divs, which means that if you are using {clear: both} to push your div to the bottom of the page, and that the “longest” div on your page is absolutely placed, you might not get the desired result.
  2. margin-top – seems to be ignored by ie5mac when applied to a floating div. Depending on the situation, you can try replacing margin-top by padding-top (if the div has no background or border, and all you really want to do is shift the contents downwards).

Hypothesis [en]

As you might have noticed by peeking at the sidebar, I’m currently reading The Web of Belief (W.V.O. Quine & J.S. Ullian). It is a little study of rational belief. What makes us believe this or that is true? How are our beliefs held together? What makes us give up one belief for another?

Truth and even reasonable beliefs cannot be deduced solely from observation or self-evident truths. In science as well as everyday life, we frame hypotheses to help hold together our web of beliefs. A hypothesis would explain, if it were true, some things that we already believe.

Hypothesis, where successful, is a two-way street, extending back to explain the past and forward to predict the future. What we try to do in framing hypotheses is to explain some otherwise unexplained happenings by inventing a plausible story, a plausible description or history of relevant portions of the world.

Five virtues count in favor of a hypothesis:

  • conservatism of existing beliefs
  • modesty – as opposed to extravagance
  • simplicity
  • generality
  • refutability

I find these are interesting criteria to measure one’s beliefs about the world upon.

Funny [en]

If you have a cat (even if you don’t), you’ll probably appreciate this Mapping of a Cat’s Brain. Bagha fits the portrait perfectly.

I first saw this brain map in India. There is a similar one for the dog – but unfortunately I was unable to find it online. Side-by-side, they’re hilarious, trust me!

Gender Wars [en]

No endless talk on the war between the sexes this time. Just a little gem I pulled out of cannboys’ Trash the Web.

Culture Shock and Virus [en]

When I started writing about my indian experience (it was a question of survival at the time) I jotted down a lot of notes about my culture shock. A compilation of all the little cultural differences that I noticed during my first weeks. Taken separately, these little things seem what they are – little. Together, they add up to create a big nasty shaking feeling: the so-called culture shock.

I was using Internet Cafés at that time (there were lots of them!), and at one point all my diskettes stopped working. That was after xoom.com had deleted the first version of my site, and Mythun‘s hard drive with all my backup data on it crashed.

Now that I’ve finally laid a hand on the culture shock notes I had managed to type up, my beloved anti-virus program started flashing and blinking and beeping (well no, it didn’t do that, since I don’t have a soundcard) – in short, telling me the file is infected. I cleaned it, and you can look forward to some more reading in a couple of days. Thank you, Inoculate PE!

Maybe that explains one or two things… hmm. Well, while you wait or run your anti-viruses, I’m going back to my greek philosophers.

India [en]

Oh, and if you enjoyed my logbook (well, even if you didn’t!), be sure to check out Eric Jain’s account of his travels there. He didn’t stay quite as long as I did, but he traveled much more – there are pictures and a map of his journey to keep you on track.