Brains Get Tired Too [en]

It’s funny how physical tiredness is not something one would think to question. It seems pretty obvious. We understand that if somebody has spent decades using and abusing their body, they’re going to face consequences as they get older. If you’re doing extreme running, hundreds of kilometres, or an insane amount of walking, crossing continents, your body gets worn out. We also understand that as we age, we may still be capable of doing things, but it doesn’t mean it’s a good idea to do them. For example: I can still carry very heavy loads, but if I do, my back is going to remind me the next day that I’m not 20 years old anymore.

For some reason, we do not seem to apply the same kind of thinking to the brain. Or at least, I didn’t. Although we understand that the brain has limits – everybody experiences some degree of cognitive tiredness at some point or another – we seem to think that the consequence is temporary. We need a break, we’re done for the day, we need a good night’s sleep and then we can start over. We know about burnout and that sure, of course, you need to take the time to recover if you want to function correctly again. But wear and tear over years and decades does not really seem to be on the radar.

We don’t tell somebody who keeps pushing their brain day after day, month after month, year after year, that they should ease up a bit – as we would our sport-obsessed friend who trains 6 times a week and considers “rest” a 10k run. We look at performance (what are you delivering at work), but not at effort and actual “cognitive use”.

My accident has driven home for me, in a frighteningly clear manner, that “cognitive overtraining” is as much a thing as “physical overtraining”. I’ve been “cognitive overtraining” all my life, and for most of it, unaware that I was doing it or that there was such a thing.

I am really good at pushing myself. It’s not always visible, because I have a lot of ressources (one way to put it is that I am clearly towards the right end of the IQ bell curve) and therefore compensate well for my hearing loss and ADHD. But that compensation has a cost, even if it is not visible that I am compensating. I am only now starting to measure how much effort goes into “simple” things like following conversations and managing my daily life. I am in a somewhat paradoxical situation where many of the things I receive most praise and recognition for are those that cost me the less – and those that cost me the most go completely unnoticed. This means that I have trained myself, all my life, to consider the efforts I make as “normal” rather than recognise that I am pushing myself.

This also means I have internalised the idea that when I “fail” (and by that I mean: feel tired “without reason”, don’t manage to get around to doing housework, miss parts of what is being said) it is because I was not trying hard enough. Pushing myself is the norm.

I had a moment of realisation regarding that the other day. I went back to singing practice, which I hadn’t really been able to since my accident. I was a bit tired, but I wanted to go as we were starting a new programme which contains a lot of songs I like. So I decided to go and “take it easy” – something I’ve been trying to practice these last months. Going easy. I told myself “I’ll just go and not try too hard”. Very quickly, during the rehearsal, I realised how much effort I was putting in, despite myself. Concentrating really hard to understand what the director was saying. Paying close attention to try and sing the line correctly as soon as possible, and memorise things as I went along. I usually use the time when the director is working with other registers to learn lyrics and compare musical phrases to help me remember them. It was very weird to tell myself to “just relax” when the others were working, and “nevermind” if I couldn’t hear or understand what was being said.

Earlier, some time last year I think, I realised that when I had long meetings in German at work, I really had trouble being productive the next day. But I hadn’t gone beyond “ok, plan a light day the next day” in terms of drawing conclusions. I kept thinking that the main driver of whether I could perform cognitively or not was sleep. But it’s not.

According to the neurologist who is treating me for my post-concussion syndrome, chronic cognitive overload is a clear risk factor for this type of complication. It’s also a risk factor for worse recovery after a stroke, or worse outcomes in case of cognitive decline or dementia in older age.

This has given me an awful lot to think about regarding how I’m using my brain-as-organ in my life, and how things are going to have to change. Where can I save on my brain budget? Where is it worth expending effort? What else can I put in place to have a lower “cognitive burn rate” just to get through daily life?

I’m not too bad at managing the load I place on my body – now I have to do the same with my brain.

Sleeping in India and Putting My Brain Straight [en]

[fr] Le silence nécessaire au sommeil, c'est il me semble quelque chose d'acquis. Un segment du podcast mentionné avant-hier parle de l'Inde... je ne pense pas que donner des boules quiès aux indiens améliorera vraiment leur qualité de sommeil. Et sinon, je continue avec intention à reprendre mon cerveau en main, y compris pour l'administratif et la compta!

After writing my post the day before yesterday, I listened to the end of the two-part series on sleep from Freakonomics Radio. I like Freakonomics because they go beyond the easy fluffy questions, and dig down to where things can be uncomfortably unclear. Maybe I should read the book.

Liseron coloré

Anyway. There was a segment on sleep in India (Chennai to be precise), and some of the comments stuck me as a little… ethnocentric and uncritical. Yes, India is noisy, definitely. And we westerners have trouble sleeping in the noise.  But remember that we have had to learn to sleep in the calm. The womb, where we all come from, is a noisy place. It is only with time that noise starts waking us up.

I remember hearing about the miller who will wake up when his mill stops (sound gives way to silence). More recently, I’m sure I read something about a study where they put volunteers in a terribly noisy sleep lab and kept their eyes open to flashing lights, and they fell asleep just fine. (Couldn’t dig it out, if you find it let me know.)

Many Indians, in my experience, have no trouble whatsoever sleeping in the noise. Some cannot sleep without the noise and wind of the fan whirring above their heads, even when it is cold. So, I’m not sure that providing Indians with earplugs will actually help them get better sleep.

Also, one thing that stuck me in India is that a bed is just “a place to sleep”. It seems to be less of a private, intimate place than in the West. In that respect, I’m not sure one should interpret people sleeping in weird places the same way one would here: maybe they’re just sleeping, and not “passed out from exhaustion”.

This Indian sleeping comment aside, I’ve been mulling over my efforts to get my brain back on track. One thing I didn’t mention in my last post was that I am trying to put more intention in things. If I realise I have forgotten something, I make an effort to recall it. I make an effort to be organised and not let things slip. I am making a conscious effort to get back on top of things, and it seems to be working.

Obviously it’s not enough to help me keep track of everything I’ve read, because I can’t seem to find the piece which talked about this guy who made a conscious effort to floss every day as an exercise in self-discipline. If you can’t get yourself to floss each day (less than a minute of your time!), how can you hope to stick to bigger things?

So, I’m flossing. These last two nights, I also went to bed with my phone on airplane mode and in the living-room — just me, the cats and my kindle. This morning, I didn’t touch my e-mail or social media until I had showered, had breakfast, and headed down to the office. Environment design

I’ve also decided to stop being flaky about certain things, in particular around admin and accounting. I have no love for either of them, and like to say that I am with financial stuff like some are with algebra: my brain just blacks out. Well, enough of that. It’s not rocket science. If I was capable of doing Fourier transforms at some point in my life, there’s no reason I shouldn’t be able to remember which papers I need to bring my accountant for my taxes and accounting each year. Hell, I’m even enjoying listening to Planet Money!

LeWeb13: Ramez Naam [en]

Wiring the human brain. Sending information from one’s person mind to another. Nexus: mankind gets an upgrade.

LeWeb'13, Ramez Naam 2

Keanu Reeves “I know Kung Fu”.

Working circuit printed on human skin, with sensors & ambient supply. Google glass style contact lenses. Pill cam, in use since 2008 in thousands of patients (clinical trial). 3 cameras taking 30fps from inside you.

Let’s go beyond that and talk about the brain. Internet of things: the “thing” we’re the most concerned about is ourselves.

Cochlear implants. 200K people that no hearing aid can help. Data sent directly to the brain.

First motivation for these “cyborg” technologies is medical.

Also progress for sight. Man who lost an eye at 18, and the second (accident) a year later. Now he has a CCTV camera on his glasses. Limited mobility vision. Can very carefully park a car. 16px by 16px grid. Terrible, but a quantum leap up from 0px, and a proof of concept: we can send digital vision to the brain.

Another man, paralysed from the neck down and vocal cords destroyed by tracheotomy. Electrode in motor area of his brain allows him to type on computer.

Damaged hippocampus tissue can be replaced by chip.

Increasing performance in certain tasks in monkeys (Planet of the Apes).

Two monkeys in two rooms with electrodes in their auditory cortex, connected. One monkey hears one sound, the other hears the same sound and knows what it means.

Rats: one is trained to respond to a series of lights => specific lever. Second rat performs much better on the test than if he had no prior knowledge. (Thousands of km away.)

Two computer scientists playing a video game as a single player thousands of miles away.

Hippocampal bridge: prior knowledge of the maze for a second rat.

This is far ahead, more than 10 years.

Issues: this is your brain. Who wants to play with it? If you’re blind of deaf, benefits can be great, but if you’re healthy… ahem.

Digital stuff never malfunctions and is never hacked. (NOT)

You don’t want the NSA in your brain either…

All that said, Ramez is very optimistic, because of the history of information technology.

The printing press increased the pace of innovation and scientific progress. Newton was able to write his book only because he was able to absorb the ideas of hundreds of others before him through books. And printing allowed him to spread his ideas to hundreds and thousands of others.

Increase our ability to spread ideas => more ideas. Also, democratisation of knowledge. Changed the relationship between the government and the governed.

Even the idea of civil rights was only made possible by the cheap distribution of new disruptive ideas.

See things through others’ eyes? Maybe literally possible in the future.

Habituation, Variety, and Intermittent Rewards [en]

[fr] Habituation, variété, récompenses aléatoires... il me manque un petit quelque chose pour lier tout ça ensemble.

Here’s another post in the “variety is the spice of life” series. My first intuition that it might make sense to vary the type of blog posts one produces to sustain reader interest didn’t actually have to do with my readings about habituation in The How of Happiness, although it was at the same moment and I then quickly put the two together.

When I initially suggested varying blog post type/topic to somebody who had a blog which was made of a series of very similar posts, I was thinking of intermittent rewards. So now, I’m wondering: how does what I’ve understood about habituation, the need to vary one’s happiness strategies, and intermittent reward reinforcement fit together?

Clearly, a system with intermittent rewards keeps your brain on high alert. Is varying one’s happiness activities also simply just keeping one’s brain alert, by providing “rewards” (the boost one gets from doing something that makes one happy) not on a completely regular schedule? Do intermittent rewards work against habituation?

I feel I’m onto something here but I can’t quite bring it all together.

We have: habituation => need for variety; vary reward schedule => increased reinforcement. Are we talking about the same thing (brain-wise, are the same phenomenons/chemicals involved) — or are these two similar things, that look similar, but are in fact two separate issues? What is the missing link here?

If you have thoughts, data, research, or case studies around this, I’m interested.

I also think there is something in this which explains why we have “phases” (go a lot to the cinema during a few months/years, then less, or read a lot, then less, take up a hobby, abandon it) and why (at least in my case) we play games for a moment, then move on to another one (I’m playing Zombie Café right now but feel the need for something new soon).

Brain Downtime [en]

[fr] On a besoin de débrancher son cerveau -- avez-vous assez l'occasion de le faire?

My brain needs downtime. So does yours.

We’ve managed to make our lives so efficient that we’ve removed all the downtime that used to be part of them. We can work on the train, listen to podcasts while we clean and cook, why, we even read on our iPhones as we walk through town.

Sleeping just doesn’t cut it. Of course, we need sleep (that’s also body-downtime), but we need awake-downtime.

What’s your downtime?

For me, reading fiction and watching TV series qualify as brain downtime. My conscious mind is immersed in fiction, though I’m sure a lot is going on in the background. Sailing and judo qualify to, as does riding my exercise bike if I’m listening to music rather than a podcast.

When I’m on the bus and reading FML or flicking idly through my Twitter stream, is that brain downtime?

When I’m walking in the mountains, drinking a cup of tea on my balcony, watching the sun set, taking a bath, or meditating, that’s definitely brain downtime.

Do you get enough brain downtime?