Tag: python

BarCamp Lausanne: Introduction à Django (Mathieu Meylan) [fr]

[en] An introduction to Django at BarCamp Lausanne.

*J’ai pas mal entendu parler de [Django](http://www.djangoproject.com/), mais encore pas eu le temps de m’y intéresser. C’est l’occasion! Voici mes notes de la session.*

[Mathieu](http://www.matinfo.ch/) travaille chez ElectronLibre, et suit le développement de Django depuis 5 mois.

BarCamp Lausanne 13

– objectifs et intérêts de Django
– mécanisme
– parcours d’une requête
– …

Framework web. Permet, grâce à bibliothèques, de développer du web de façon plus rapide. Django permet de segmenter la conception du site. En gros, on gagne du temps, c’est assez facile à apprendre. Adapté à tous types de site web (y compris multilangue). *steph-note: j’aimerais voir comment ça marche!*

Django, en fait, c’est comme Rails pour Ruby, c’est un framework Python. Rails est un peu plus complexe à apprendre et intègre AJAX.

[présentation des caractéristiques techniques de Django]

Le niveau requis en Python dépend de la complexité de l’application qu’on veut développer.

Exemples:

– http://www.lawrence.com/
– http://www.washingtonpost.com/
– http://chicagocrime.org/
– http://www.tabblo.com/studio/
– http://wattwatt.com/

*steph-note: exemples de code, ça a l’air abordable.*

Certaines vues sont si courantes (vue par date, ajout/mise à jour/suppression) qu’elles sont inclues telles quelles dans Django — donc pas besoin d’écrire de code pour les utiliser.

Possible de produire autre chose que du HTML/XML: e-mails, texte brut…

*steph-note: en voyant tout ça, je me demande combien de travail ça nécessiterait de re-créer WordPress (par exemple) avec un framework comme ça, et ce qu’on perdrait par rapport à PHP/MySQL*

Intérêt grandissant pour Django.

Pour démarrer:

– djangoproject.com
– djangobook.com
– djangosnippets.org
– django-fr.org (fr)
– Bien débuter avec Django chez biologeek.com (fr)

Discussion:

– refaire WP avec Django? faisable, mais moyennement intéressant. Django, c’est pour quand on a des besoins spécifiques, faire un site “from scratch”.
– charge: java/tomcat, 6 machines — passé sous Django, une machine.
– possible d’utiliser Akismet avec un site développé avec Django

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Finally out of MySQL encoding hell [en]

[fr] Description de comment je me suis sortie des problèmes d'encodage qui résultaient en l'affichage de hiéroglyphes sur tous les sites hébergés sur mon serveur.

It took weeks, mainly because I was busy with a car accident and the end of school, but it also took about two real whole days of head-banging on the desk to get it fixed.

Here’s what happened: remember, a long time ago, I had trouble with stuff in my database which was [supposed to be UTF-8 but seemed to be ISO-8859-1](http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2004/07/18/converting-mysql-database-contents-to-utf-8/)? And then, sometime later, I had a [weird mixture of UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1 in the same database](http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2005/02/19/problemes-dencodage-mysql/)?

Well, somewhere along the line this is what I guess happened: my database installation must have been serving UTF-8 content as ISO-8859-1, leading me to believe it was ISO-8859-1 when it was in fact UTF-8. That led *me* to try to convert it to UTF-8 — meaning I took UTF-8 strings and ran them through a converter supposed to turn ISO-8859-1 into UTF-8. The result? Let’s call it “double-UTF-8” (doubly encoded UTF-8), for want of a better name.

Anyway, that’s what I had in my database. When we upgraded MySQL and PHP on the server, I suddenly started seeing a load of junk instead of my accented characters:

encoding-problem-2

What I was seeing looked furiously like UTF-8 looks when your server setup is messed up and serves it as ISO-8859-1 instead. But, as you can see on the picture above, this page was being served as UTF-8 by the server. How did I know it wasn’t ISO-8859-1 in my database instead of this hypothetical “double-UTF-8”? Well, for one, I knew the page was served as UTF-8, and I also know that ISO-8859-1 (latin-1) served as UTF-8 makes accented characters look like question marks. Then, if I wanted to be sure, I could just change the page encoding in Firefox to ISO-8859-1 (that should make it look right if it was ISO-8859-1, shouldn’t it?) Well, it made it [look worse](http://flickr.com/photos/bunny/179791233/).

Another indication was that when the MySQL connection encoding (in my.cnf) was set back to latin-1 (ISO-8859-1), the pages seemed to display correctly, but WordPress broke.

The first post on the picture I’m showing here looks “OK”, because it was posted after the setup was changed. It really is UTF-8.

Now how did we solve this? My initial idea was to take the “double-UTF-8” content of the database (and don’t forget it was mixed with the more recent UTF-8 content) and convert it “from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1”. I had [a python script we had used to fix the last MySQL disaster](http://sungnyemun.org/code/fixEncodings.py.gz) which converted everything to UTF-8 — I figured I could reverse it. So I rounded up a bunch of smart people ([dda_](http://sungnyemun.org/), [sbp](http://inamidst.com/sbp/), [bonsaikitten](http://gentooexperimental.org/~patrick/weblog/) and [Blackb|rd](http://www.oydt.de/) — and countless others, sorry if I forgot you!) and got to work.

It proved a hairier problem than expected. What also proved hairy was explaining the problem to people who wanted to help and insisted in misunderstanding the situation. In the end, we produced a script (well, “they” rather than “we”) which looked like it should work, only… it did nothing. If you’re really interested in looking at it, [here it is](/code/fixDoubleEncodings.py) — but be warned, don’t try it.

We tried recode. We tried iconv. We tried changing my.cnf settings, dumping the databases, changing them back, and importing the dumps. Finally, the problem was solved manually.

1. Made a text file listing the databases which needed to be cured (dblist.txt).
2. Dumped them all: for db in $(cat dblist.txt); do mysqldump --opt -u user -ppassword ${db} > ${db}-20060712.sql; done
3. Sent them over to Blackb|rd who did some search and replace magic in vim, starting with [this list of characters](http://climbtothestars.org/play/characters.txt) (just change the browser encoding to latin-1 to see what they look like when mangled)
4. Imported the corrected dumps back in: for db in $(cat dblist.txt); do mysql -u user -ppassword ${db} < ${db}-20060712.sql; done

Blackb|rd produced [a shell script for vim](http://www.schwarzvogel.de/software-misc.shtml) (?) which I’ll link to as soon as I lay my hands on the URL again. The list of characters to convert was produced by trial and error, knowing that corrupted characters appeared in the text file as A tilde or A circonflexe followed by something else. I’d then change the my.cnf setting back to latin-1 to view the character strings in context and allow Blackbr|d to see what they needed to be replaced with.

Thanks. Not looking forward to the next MySQL encoding problem. They just seem to get worse and worse. (And yes, I *do* use UTF-8 all over the place.)

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Problèmes d'encodage MySQL [fr]

Un joli mélange de latin-1 et d’utf-8 dans ma base de données. Un script python pour nettoyer tout ça.

[en] I've been to MySQL encoding hell and back. The little question marks you may have seen in place of accented characters a few weeks back were caused by a lovely mix-up of utf-8 and latin-1 inside my databases. Dda_ from #joiito kindly helped me by writing a python script to identify fields with non-utf-8 characters in them, and convert them back.

Vous avez peut-être remarqué, il y a une semaine ou deux, que les accents de ce site avaient été remplacés subrepticement par de vilains points d’interrogation. Une fois de plus, je me trouvais dans la situation où je croyais avoir de l’utf-8 dans mes bases de données, pour réaliser ensuite qu’il s’agissait en fait de latin-1. Et cette fois, c’était encore bien pire qu’avant: j’avais un mélange d’utf-8 et de latin-1.

Dda_ a eu la grande gentillesse de passer plusieurs heures à  me pondre un script en python qui fait le tour de tous les champs de toutes les tables de toutes les bases de données, et les convertit en utf-8 s’il y détecte des caractères non-utf-8 (ce qui signifierait, dans mon cas, qu’on se trouve en présence de latin-1). Une fois que c’est fait, le script va changer l’encodage des tables pour que tout nouveau contenu y soit stocké en utf-8.

Bref, voici l’explication et le script.

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