Kevin Warwick: implant in arm (real surgery!), measure signal when opening closing hand, to see what the right signal for it is. => able to control a robotic hand with his brain (by moving his hand).
Question of feedback. Sensors => capacity to get feedback from the robotic hand.
Applications: blindfolded, used the hand to “feel” something at a distance.
Wife: electrode fired into nerve, no anesthesia, really painful! Brain-to-brain interface, two human systems linked to each other. When he moved his hand, a signal would appear on his wife’s system.
Controlling robotic hand in the UK (from the US) by sending signal through the internet. Implications? will we one day be considered “disabled” if we cannot control a robotic hand across the ocean? We get used to technology and our ethical boundaries shift. What does normal mean?
*(steph-note: lots of photos, very evocative)*
Commercial applications: 2004 nightclubs in Rotterdam and Barcelona use membership implants instead of cards (and Kevin had his first in 98 — just a few years before!)
Kevin’s point of view: if it is used now, then I was right to develop it.
Humans are flexible. Get used to almost anything. Can we redifine ourself without boundaries. When do we become “other than human”?
Kevin looks towards enhancements. Happy with the idea we might become other than human. Promoting cyborgs as a new species.
Often, people draw the line between medical and non-medical applications, but it’s usually impossible to draw the line between therapy and enhancement.
Kevin is not *such* an exception.
We are on the same path as Kevin, whether we like it or not (connecting brains to machines and brains to each other). In our society, being “normal” means being connected.